Context:

The President of India appointed Bhartruhari Mahtaba, a seven-term MP from Cuttack, as the pro-tem Speaker of the 18th Lok Sabha.  

About the Pro-tem Speaker

Meaning 

• Pro-tem is a Latin phrase which translates to 'for the time being' in English and so the pro-tem speaker is a temporary speaker appointed for a limited period of time to conduct the works in Lok Sabha or in state legislatures.

Selection Process 

• The Speaker pro-tem, appointed by the President under Article 95(1) of the Constitution  (Governor in case of State Assembly), ahead of the first session of a new Lok Sabha, serves temporarily as the presiding officer. 
• This role is generally bestowed upon the most senior member. 
• The term 'Pro-tem Speaker' is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. 
• This position becomes ceases to exist once the new Speaker of the House is elected.

Roles of the Pro-tem Speaker

• o The primary responsibility of the Speaker pro-tem is to administer oaths to newly elected MPs until a permanent Speaker is elected.
• o Presides over the House’s initial proceedings.
• o Ensures the smooth transition of parliamentary duties.